Shoulder Structure Injury Prone
The shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Two joints facilitate shoulder movement. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle. The glenohumeral joint, commonly called the shoulder joint, is a ball-and-socket type joint that helps move the shoulder forward and backward and allows the arm to rotate in a circular fashion or hinge out and up away from the body. (The ball is the top, rounded portion of the upper arm bone or humerus; the socket, or glenoid, is a dish-shaped part of the outer edge of the scapula into which the ball fits.) The capsule is a soft tissue envelope that encircles the glenohumeral joint.
The cause of most injuries to the shoulder is direct trauma, indirect trauma, or throwing movements. Direct trauma often occurs because the shoulder takes the brunt of the many bodily impacts.
Indirect trauma can occur as injurious forces are transmitted to the shoulder joint through the humerus as the result of direct trauma to the hand or elbow.
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